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Watercolor illusion
The watercolor illusion, also referred to as the water-color effect, is an optical illusion in which a white area takes on a pale tint of a thin, bright, intensely colored polygon surrounding it if the coloured polygon is itself surrounded by a thin, darker border (Figures 1 and 2). The inner and outer borders of watercolor illusion objects often are of complementary colours (Figure 2). The watercolor illusion is best when the inner and outer contours have chromaticities in opposite directions in color space. The most common complementary pair is orange and purple.〔Devinck, F., & Spillmann, L. (2009). The watercolor effect: Spacing constraints. Vision Research, 49(24), 2911-2917. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2009.09.008〕 The watercolor illusion is dependent on the combination of luminance and color contrast of the contour lines in order to have the color spreading effect occur.
There is a peer-reviewed, encyclopaedia article on the water-colour illusion, by its discoverer, Baingio Pinna, available at Scholarpedia: http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Watercolor_illusion
==History==
Baingio Pinna discovered the watercolor illusion in 1987, reporting it in Italian.〔Pinna, B. (1987). Un effetto di colorazione. In V. Majer, M. Maeran, and M. Santinello, Il laboratorio e la città. XXI Congresso degli Psicologi Italiani, 158.〕 Jack Broerse and Robert P. O'Shea independently discovered it in 1995,〔 reporting it in English, although they called it "spread colour", relating it to neon colour spreading.〔Broerse, J., & O’Shea, R. P. (1995). Local and global factors in spatially-contingent coloured aftereffects. Vision Research, 35, 207-226. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(94)00131-5〕 Broerse, Tony Vladusich, and O’Shea, demonstrated the phenomenon in 1999 (Figure 1). Pinna, Gavin Brelstaff, and Lothar Spillmann published the first account of the phenomenon in English in 2001, giving it its current name.〔Pinna, B., Brelstaff, G., & Spillmann, L. (2001). Surface color from boundaries: A new `watercolor' illusion. Vision Research, 41, 2669–2676. doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(01)00105-5〕 Since the discovery many experiments have been performed and analyzed to understand the concept of perception of the illusion compared to various Gestalt factors and the neural processes that create the illusion.
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